| Title | Averroes ex Averroe: Uncovering Ṭodros Ṭodrosi’s Method of Commenting on the Commentator |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 7-78 |
| Categories | Commentary, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Steven Harvey , Oded Horezky |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Our paper studies one of the most interesting manuscripts of medieval Jewish philosophy, a unicum that is housed in the British Library, Heb MS Add 27559. This fascinating manuscript, in part a version of a work compiled by Ṭodros Ṭodrosi, in Trinquetaille in the 1330s, is a Hebrew anthology of logical and scientific texts, written by Greek and Arabic philosophers, some of which are translated into Hebrew for the first time by Ṭodros. The paper sheds new light on this manuscript through an examination of the section on natural science that Ṭodros devoted to the study and explanation of Aristotle’s Physics and which comprises more than a third of the entire manuscript. We uncover Ṭodros’s aims and methodology in this section on physics (and, to some extent, in other sections as well), and sketch a clear picture of the ways in which Ṭodros intended to assist his contemporary readers in the study of natural science. The paper contributes to our knowledge of the fundamental status of Averroes’s middle commentaries on the Corpus Aristotelicum among medieval Jewish scholars, as well as to our growing awareness and appreciation of the achievements of a remarkable, young, fourteenth-century Provençal scholar, Ṭodros Ṭodrosi. It concludes with three appendices, two of which compare Ṭodros’s text with parallel passages in the Hebrew translations of Averroes’s commentaries, and a third which provides a detailed description of the British Library manuscript. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5576","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5576,"authors_free":[{"id":6470,"entry_id":5576,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":642,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Steven Harvey","free_first_name":"Steven ","free_last_name":"Harvey","norm_person":{"id":642,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Harvey","full_name":"Steven Harvey","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051482674","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/97890242","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Steven Harvey"}},{"id":6471,"entry_id":5576,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Oded Horezky","free_first_name":"Oded ","free_last_name":"Horezky","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averroes ex Averroe: Uncovering \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi\u2019s Method of Commenting on the Commentator","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes ex Averroe: Uncovering \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi\u2019s Method of Commenting on the Commentator"},"abstract":"Our paper studies one of the most interesting manuscripts of medieval Jewish philosophy, a unicum that is housed in the British Library, Heb MS Add 27559. This fascinating \r\nmanuscript, in part a version of a work compiled by \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi, in Trinquetaille in the 1330s, is a Hebrew anthology of logical and scientific texts, written by Greek and Arabic \r\nphilosophers, some of which are translated into Hebrew for the first time by \u1e6codros. The paper sheds new light on this manuscript through an examination of the section on natural science that \u1e6codros devoted to the study and explanation of Aristotle\u2019s Physics and which comprises more than a third of the entire manuscript. We uncover \u1e6codros\u2019s aims and methodology in this section on physics (and, to some extent, in other sections as well), and sketch a clear picture of the ways in which \u1e6codros intended to assist his contemporary readers in the study of natural science. The paper contributes to our knowledge of the fundamental status of Averroes\u2019s middle commentaries on the Corpus Aristotelicum\r\namong medieval Jewish scholars, as well as to our growing awareness and appreciation of the achievements of a remarkable, young, fourteenth-century Proven\u00e7al scholar, \u1e6codros \u1e6codrosi. It concludes with three appendices, two of which compare \u1e6codros\u2019s \r\ntext with parallel passages in the Hebrew translations of Averroes\u2019s commentaries, and a third which provides a detailed description of the British Library manuscript.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":642,"full_name":"Steven Harvey","role":1},{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5576,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism","volume":"21","issue":"1","pages":"7-78"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato’s republic: Ibn Rushd’s perspective on the position and potential of women |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | Islamology |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 9-23 |
| Categories | Commentary, Plato, Politics, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Tineke Melkebeek |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5808","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5808,"authors_free":[{"id":6729,"entry_id":5808,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Tineke Melkebeek","free_first_name":"Tineke ","free_last_name":"Melkebeek","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The medieval Islamic commentary on Plato\u2019s republic: Ibn Rushd\u2019s perspective on the position and potential of women"},"abstract":"This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato\u2019s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato\u2019s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd\u2019s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle\u2019s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle\u2019s teacher, i.e. Plato\u2019s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato\u2019s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd\u2019s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature. ","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.24848\/islmlg.11.1.02","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5808,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":" Islamology","volume":"11","issue":"1","pages":"9-23"}},"sort":[2021]}
| Title | İbn Rüşd'de Bilimsel Kanıtlama Yöntemi |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Turkish |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences |
| Volume | 23 |
| Pages | 27-86 |
| Categories | Logic, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Haci Kaya |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes wrote small, medium, and magnum commentaries on the Posterior Analytics, which is translated and commented many times until the 12th century, and also originated in original studies. Averroes has established the demonstration once again with his medium and magnum commentaries that are named Talkhis al-Burhan and Sharh al-Burhan/Tafsir al-Burhan, which have been largely successful in reflecting the authenticity of the Posterior Analytics, by placing the demonstration at the center of both his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy. The demonstration, in five arts which are an art encompassing human knowledge types and a method of obtaining these types of knowledge, refers to a method of scientific demonstration that builds the theoretical framework of definitive scientific knowledge. This scientific demonstrative method, which Averroes put at the center of his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy, corresponds to a scientific method that can be called “the inductive-deductive method” based on induction. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5561","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5561,"authors_free":[{"id":6455,"entry_id":5561,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Haci Kaya","free_first_name":"Haci","free_last_name":"Kaya","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Bilimsel Kan\u0131tlama Y\u00f6ntemi","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"\u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'de Bilimsel Kan\u0131tlama Y\u00f6ntemi"},"abstract":"Averroes wrote small, medium, and magnum commentaries on the Posterior Analytics, which is translated and commented many times until the 12th century, and also originated in original studies. Averroes has established the demon\u0002stration once again with his medium and magnum commen\u0002taries that are named Talkhis al-Burhan and Sharh al-Burhan\/Tafsir al-Burhan, which have been largely successful in reflecting \r\nthe authenticity of the Posterior Analytics, by placing the demon\u0002stration at the center of both his philosophical system and Is\u0002lamic philosophy. The demonstration, in five arts which are an art encompassing human knowledge types and a method of ob\u0002taining these types of knowledge, refers to a method of scien\u0002tific demonstration that builds the theoretical framework of de\u0002finitive scientific knowledge. This scientific demonstrative \r\nmethod, which Averroes put at the center of his philosophical system and Islamic philosophy, corresponds to a scientific method that can be called \u201cthe inductive-deductive method\u201d based on induction. ","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5561,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"23","issue":"","pages":"27-86"}},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics by Averroes |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Entelekya Logico-Metaphysical Review |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 179-185 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Ali Tekin |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Relation as Key to God’s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tahāfut al- tahāfut and the Damīma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghazālī and Avicenna |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 20 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 1–26 |
| Categories | Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Jean-Baptiste Brenet |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article deals with the divine knowledge of particulars in Averroes’ Tahāfut al-tahāfut and Ḍamīma. It examines how the concept of relation, generally neglected, is at the heart of the dispute between Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, and the Commentator. In al-Ġazālī’s eyes, Avicenna's misconception of divine knowledge “in a universal way” is based on a misuse of relation in the case of God's knowledge. If particulars change and God does not, his knowledge of particulars, insofar as it undergoes change, can be considered a pure relation without ontological consequences. Averroes contests both al-Ġazālī’s criticism and his proposal, despite the fact that, for different reasons involving the coming-to-be of human knowledge, he too employs the notion of pure relation in his Long Commentary on the Physics. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5038","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5038,"authors_free":[{"id":5785,"entry_id":5038,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":622,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","free_first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","free_last_name":"Brenet","norm_person":{"id":622,"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","last_name":"Brenet","full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051778867","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/27224973","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Jean-Baptiste Brenet"}}],"entry_title":"Relation as Key to God\u2019s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tah\u0101fut al- tah\u0101fut and the Dam\u012bma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Avicenna","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Relation as Key to God\u2019s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tah\u0101fut al- tah\u0101fut and the Dam\u012bma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Avicenna"},"abstract":"This article deals with the divine knowledge of particulars in Averroes\u2019 Tah\u0101fut al-tah\u0101fut and \u1e0cam\u012bma. It examines how the concept of relation, generally neglected, is at the heart of the dispute between Avicenna, al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b, and the Commentator. In al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b\u2019s eyes, Avicenna's misconception of divine knowledge \u201cin a universal way\u201d is based on a misuse of relation in the case of God's knowledge. If particulars change and God does not, his knowledge of particulars, insofar as it undergoes change, can be considered a pure relation without ontological consequences. Averroes contests both al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b\u2019s criticism and his proposal, despite the fact that, for different reasons involving the coming-to-be of human knowledge, he too employs the notion of pure relation in his Long Commentary on the Physics.","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1017\/S0957423919000109","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":622,"full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5038,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"20","issue":"1","pages":"1\u201326"}},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | Averroës's Search: The Aesthetics of Failure as a Starting Point for Writing |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Variaciones Borges |
| Volume | 49 |
| Pages | 257-282 |
| Categories | Borges, Poetics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Hernán Martínez Millán |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/27034385 |
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| Title | Grek Şârihlerden İbn Rüşd'e Değin Aristoteles'in Theta (Θ) Kitabı'nın Hâricî Tarihi |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Turkish |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Sirnak University Journal of Divinity Faculty / Sirnak Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 23 |
| Pages | 469-486 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics, Alexander of Aphrodisias |
| Author(s) | Abdürrezzak Sevindik |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The purpose of the article is to discuss the external history of the Book of Theta (Metaphysics IX) in the context of Ibn Rushd's commentaries on Metaphysics. Ibn Rushd interpreted the Book of Theta in Talkhīs mā ba'da al-ṭabī'ah based on its meaning and content. Ibn Rushd did not pursue the original composition of Metaphysics in Talkhīs mā ba'da al-ṭabī'ah. However, Ibn Rushd interpreted the Book of Theta in Tafsīr mā ba'da al-ṭabī'ah focusing on the expression and based on the original text. Ibn Rushd pursued the original composition of Metaphysics in Tafsīr mā ba'da al-ṭabī'ah. Thus, Ibn Rushd took advantage of Astat and Isḥāq b. Hunain's arabic translations of the Book of Theta in this interpretation process. Astat and Isḥāq b. Hunain are experts in the translation of Aristotle's works from Greek into Arabic. When Astat and Isḥāq b. Hunain's translation styles are looked at, it is understood that they adhered to the text word by word. In this respect, those translations supported the literary interpretation of Ibn Rushd. On the other hand, Ibn Rushd was influenced by the Greek commentator/Alexander of Aphrodisias in the interpretation of Theta. Alexander of Aphrodisias and Ibn Rushd's interpretation methods based on utterance are similar. In this respect, Ibn Rushd's Commentary of Theta reveals his Aristotelian approach. Makalenin gâyesi, Aristoteles'in Θ/Theta (Metafizik IX.) Kitabı'nın hâricî tarihini İbn Rüşd'ün Metafizik şerhleri bağlamında ortaya koymaktır. İbn Rüşd, Telhîsu Mâ ba'de't-tabî'a'da Theta Kitabı'nı mana ve mahiyetini temel alarak yorumlamış, Metafizik'i oluşturan kitapların özgün dizilimini takip etmemiştir. Buna karşın Tefsîru Mâ ba'de't-tabî'a'da Metafizik'in özgün dizilimini takip etmiş, Θ/Theta Kitabı'nı da orijinal metnini temel alarak ibâre odaklı yorumlamıştır. İbn Rüşd ibâre odaklı yaklaşımı dolayısıyla bu yorum sürecinde Θ/Theta Kitabı'nın Astat/Ustâz/Eustathius-İshak b. Huneyn (ö. M.S. 910) tarafından yapılmış Arapça çevirilerinden yararlanmıştır. Astat ve İshak b. Huneyn, Aristoteles'in eserlerinin doğrudan doğruya Grekçe'den Arapça'ya çevirilerinde ihtisaslaşmış mütercimlerdir. Astat'ın ve İshak b. Huneyn'in çeviri tavırlarına bakıldığında Grekçe metne kelime kelime bağlı kaldıkları görülür. Bu yönden söz konusu çeviriler, İbn Rüşd'ün lafzî yorumunu desteklemiştir. Diğer yandan İbn Rüşd, Θ/Theta Kitabı yorumunda Grek şârih İskender Afrodisî'den etkilenmiştir. İskender Afrodisî ile İbn Rüşd'ün lafzı temel alan şerh etme yöntemleri benzerdir. Bu bakımdan İbn Rüşd'ün Theta Kitabı Şerhi, onun saf Aristotelesçi yaklaşımını ortaya koyar |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5563","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5563,"authors_free":[{"id":6457,"entry_id":5563,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Abd\u00fcrrezzak Sevindik","free_first_name":"Abd\u00fcrrezzak","free_last_name":"Sevindik","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Grek \u015e\u00e2rihlerden \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'e De\u011fin Aristoteles'in Theta (\u0398) Kitab\u0131'n\u0131n H\u00e2ric\u00ee Tarihi","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Grek \u015e\u00e2rihlerden \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'e De\u011fin Aristoteles'in Theta (\u0398) Kitab\u0131'n\u0131n H\u00e2ric\u00ee Tarihi"},"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to discuss the external history of the Book of Theta (Metaphysics IX) in the context of Ibn Rushd's commentaries on Metaphysics. Ibn Rushd interpreted the Book of Theta in Talkh\u012bs m\u0101 ba'da al-\u1e6dab\u012b'ah based on its meaning and content. Ibn Rushd did not pursue the original composition of Metaphysics in Talkh\u012bs m\u0101 ba'da al-\u1e6dab\u012b'ah. However, Ibn Rushd interpreted the Book of Theta in Tafs\u012br m\u0101 ba'da al-\u1e6dab\u012b'ah focusing on the expression and based on the original text. Ibn Rushd pursued the original composition of Metaphysics in Tafs\u012br m\u0101 ba'da al-\u1e6dab\u012b'ah. Thus, Ibn Rushd took advantage of Astat and Is\u1e25\u0101q b. Hunain's arabic translations of the Book of Theta in this interpretation process. Astat and Is\u1e25\u0101q b. Hunain are experts in the translation of Aristotle's works from Greek into Arabic. When Astat and Is\u1e25\u0101q b. Hunain's translation styles are looked at, it is understood that they adhered to the text word by word. In this respect, those translations supported the literary interpretation of Ibn Rushd. On the other hand, Ibn Rushd was influenced by the Greek commentator\/Alexander of Aphrodisias in the interpretation of Theta. Alexander of Aphrodisias and Ibn Rushd's interpretation methods based on utterance are similar. In this respect, Ibn Rushd's Commentary of Theta reveals his Aristotelian approach.\r\n\r\nMakalenin g\u00e2yesi, Aristoteles'in \u0398\/Theta (Metafizik IX.) Kitab\u0131'n\u0131n h\u00e2ric\u00ee tarihini \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'\u00fcn Metafizik \u015ferhleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda ortaya koymakt\u0131r. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd, Telh\u00eesu M\u00e2 ba'de't-tab\u00ee'a'da Theta Kitab\u0131'n\u0131 mana ve mahiyetini temel alarak yorumlam\u0131\u015f, Metafizik'i olu\u015fturan kitaplar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn dizilimini takip etmemi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Tefs\u00eeru M\u00e2 ba'de't-tab\u00ee'a'da Metafizik'in \u00f6zg\u00fcn dizilimini takip etmi\u015f, \u0398\/Theta Kitab\u0131'n\u0131 da orijinal metnini temel alarak ib\u00e2re odakl\u0131 yorumlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd ib\u00e2re odakl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu yorum s\u00fcrecinde \u0398\/Theta Kitab\u0131'n\u0131n Astat\/Ust\u00e2z\/Eustathius-\u0130shak b. Huneyn (\u00f6. M.S. 910) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Arap\u00e7a \u00e7evirilerinden yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Astat ve \u0130shak b. Huneyn, Aristoteles'in eserlerinin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Grek\u00e7e'den Arap\u00e7a'ya \u00e7evirilerinde ihtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f m\u00fctercimlerdir. Astat'\u0131n ve \u0130shak b. Huneyn'in \u00e7eviri tav\u0131rlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Grek\u00e7e metne kelime kelime ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu y\u00f6nden s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7eviriler, \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'\u00fcn lafz\u00ee yorumunu desteklemi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd, \u0398\/Theta Kitab\u0131 yorumunda Grek \u015f\u00e2rih \u0130skender Afrodis\u00ee'den etkilenmi\u015ftir. \u0130skender Afrodis\u00ee ile \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'\u00fcn lafz\u0131 temel alan \u015ferh etme y\u00f6ntemleri benzerdir. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd'\u00fcn Theta Kitab\u0131 \u015eerhi, onun saf Aristoteles\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar","btype":3,"date":"2019","language":"Turkish","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":15,"category_name":"Alexander of Aphrodisias","link":"bib?categories[]=Alexander of Aphrodisias"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5563,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Sirnak University Journal of Divinity Faculty \/ Sirnak \u00dcniversitesi Ilahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi","volume":"10","issue":"23","pages":"469-486"}},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | The Contention between Secular and Revealed Law: Analyzing Ibn Rushd’s Solution to the Problem of the “Virtuous Society” |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 43–65 |
| Categories | Politics, Law, Commentary, Plato |
| Author(s) | Jaan S. Islam |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This article is an analysis of the political thought of Ibn Rushd and its significance for the current conflict in Islamic political thought between liberal, secular and conservative Islamist thinkers over the meaning of the “virtuous society” and how it can be implemented. It is argued that the thought of Ibn Rushd offers a concept of the virtuous society that reconciles secular law and religious Sharī‘a law. The article analyzes Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Plato’s Republic, and assesses it as potentially being able to reconcile the philosophical conflict between logically discerned law and revealed law. It is contended that the separation between “religious” and “political” (i.e., philosophical) domains often attributed to Ibn Rushd does not fully consider the entirety of Ibn Rushd’s writings and interprets his works without regard for their historical and religious contextual significance. |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jims.4.1.02 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.2979/jims.4.1.02 |
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| Title | Averroes’ Rewrite of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ: Establishing the Plain Meaning of the Text in the Middle Commentary |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévales |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 259–281 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Yehuda Halper |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes’ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ provides a rewrite of Aristotle’s text that was apparently intended to convey the plain meaning of the text to a general, though at least somewhat educated, audience. Such a commentary was necessary because ᾿Usṭāṯ’s ninth-century Arabic translation was insufficient in many respects for conveying Aristotle’s ideas into Arabic. Accordingly, Averroes’ Middle Commentary sought to rephrase and rewrite the text in such a way as to clarify the text, correct apparent errors in it, simplify the text, and add short explanations to it. This article offers a philological characterization of the Middle Commentary that should be an aid for reading the text and comparing it with other commentaries, especially Averroes’ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ. |
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| Title | Ibn Rushd and Aquinas on God’s Causal Omniscience |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | The Muslim World |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 595–614 |
| Categories | Thomas, Metaphysics, Aristotle, Commentary, Theology |
| Author(s) | Stephen Ogden |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Averroes' Middle Commentary on Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2014 |
| Journal | Oriens |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Pages | 254-287 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Steven Harvey , Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The conventional view of the previous century that Averroes’ middle commentaries (talāḫīṣ) on Aristotle are all of the same form and style is no longer tenable. A full and accurate account of the similarities and differences among Averroes’ talāḫīṣ on Aristotle must consider all of them. Perhaps the least studied and least known of these middle commentaries is the one on the Nicomachean Ethics, a text which is extant today only in a critically edited medieval Hebrew translation and an as yet unedited medieval Latin translation. The two authors of the present article have each studied chapters of this commentary independently of each other and have reached different conclusions concerning its value. In this article they present a careful examination of the first book of Averroes’ commentary via its Hebrew translation and Latin translation (primarily through the two oldest and most reliable manuscripts of it) in comparison with the medieval Arabic translation of the Nicomachean Ethics that was used by Averroes (and in light of Aristotle’s Greek text). This study shows an Averroean middle commentary that is not very original and not particularly helpful, especially, for example, when compared to the quite different middle commentaries on Aristotle’s books on natural science. Indeed, he often seems to do little more than copy—not even paraphrase—the Arabic translation. On the other hand, Averroes does not hesitate to insert words as he copies in order to make the text clearer and easier to understand. Where lengthier explanations are needed, they too are attempted, at times in response to problematic translations in the Arabic text before him. |
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| Title | Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Quaestio |
| Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 287–296 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Poetics, Commentary, Logic, Politics |
| Author(s) | Francesca Forte |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes’ aesthetical reflection of Aristotle’s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon – and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric –, in the commentaries on Plato’s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5240","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5240,"authors_free":[{"id":6049,"entry_id":5240,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Francesca Forte","free_first_name":"Francesca","free_last_name":"Forte","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry"},"abstract":"The theme of the pleasure of knowledge is central in Averroes\u2019 aesthetical reflection of Aristotle\u2019s Poetics, regardless whether we side with the logical or with the moral interpretation. The first one stresses the continuity between Averroes and previous commentators in his attempt to reconstruct the Poetics as an integral part of the Logic itself, whereby poetic discourse is conceived as a form of reasoning based on syllogisms. According to the latter perspective, however, pleasure is central in that poetry is a tool towards the pursuit of happiness: in this perspective it is necessary to bear in mind some common themes present in other works by Averroes (particularly in the commentaries on the Aristotelian Organon \u2013 and especially the commentary on the Rhetoric \u2013, in the commentaries on Plato\u2019s Republic, and, last but not least, in the Decisive Treatise). The pleasure of contemplative knowledge must go hand in hand with the pursuit of communal happiness and therefore with the good and proper order of community and society. Poetry represents a central tool towards this aim in that it expresses moral truths which cannot not be communicated (to everybody) by means of logic and philosophy alone.","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/J.QUAESTIO.5.108604","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":27,"category_name":"Logic","link":"bib?categories[]=Logic"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5240,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Quaestio","volume":"15","issue":"","pages":"287\u2013296"}},"sort":["Averroes's Aesthetics. The Pleasure of Philosophy and the Pleasure of Poetry"]}
| Title | Averroes’ Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2021 |
| Journal | mevzu |
| Volume | 5 |
| Pages | 39-66 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, De anima, Intellect |
| Author(s) | Musa Duman |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes was fully aware of the fact that Aristotle’s account of intellect as propounded in De Anima was incomplete. This meant that the key facet of Aristotle’s thought was fraught with gaps. Averroes made repeated attempts in his commentaries on De Anima to fill the gaps. The problem for Averroes was this: “if human beings are enmattered entities, how will anything more than sense perception be possible?” Averroes believes that finally in his Long Commentary on De Anima he has achieved a full and coherent account of thinking and understanding that centers on a new notion of the material intellect, according to which, together with the active intellect, there is also a distinct material intellect, numerically one for all human beings. The present article explores in detail this idea of material intellect. It is shown that material intellect, for Averroes, functions as the transpersonal, non-particular and non empirical subject required for the production and containment of universal meanings. The idea seems to aim at connecting consistently the embodied, sensible forms of human cognitive experience with the noetic, conceptual element of knowledge within a basically ontological account. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5573","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5573,"authors_free":[{"id":6467,"entry_id":5573,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":903,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":" Musa Duman","free_first_name":" Musa ","free_last_name":" Duman","norm_person":{"id":903,"first_name":"","last_name":"","full_name":"","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]="}}],"entry_title":"Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle"},"abstract":"Averroes was fully aware of the fact that Aristotle\u2019s account of intellect \r\nas propounded in De Anima was incomplete. This meant that the key facet of \r\nAristotle\u2019s thought was fraught with gaps. Averroes made repeated attempts \r\nin his commentaries on De Anima to fill the gaps. The problem for Averroes \r\nwas this: \u201cif human beings are enmattered entities, how will anything more \r\nthan sense perception be possible?\u201d Averroes believes that finally in his Long \r\nCommentary on De Anima he has achieved a full and coherent account of thinking and understanding that centers on a new notion of the material intellect, according to which, together with the active intellect, there is also a distinct material intellect, numerically one for all human beings. The present article explores in detail this idea of material intellect. It is shown that material intellect, for Averroes, functions as the transpersonal, non-particular and non empirical subject required for the production and containment of universal meanings. The idea seems to aim at connecting consistently the embodied, sensible forms of human cognitive experience with the noetic, conceptual element of knowledge within a basically ontological account.","btype":3,"date":"2021","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":" 10.5281\/zenodo.4604660","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":46,"category_name":"De anima","link":"bib?categories[]=De anima"},{"id":75,"category_name":"Intellect","link":"bib?categories[]=Intellect"}],"authors":[{"id":903,"full_name":"","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5573,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"mevzu","volume":" 5","issue":"","pages":"39-66"}},"sort":["Averroes\u2019 Doctrine of Material Intellect in the Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle"]}
| Title | Averroes’ Rewrite of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ: Establishing the Plain Meaning of the Text in the Middle Commentary |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévales |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 259–281 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Yehuda Halper |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Averroes’ Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ provides a rewrite of Aristotle’s text that was apparently intended to convey the plain meaning of the text to a general, though at least somewhat educated, audience. Such a commentary was necessary because ᾿Usṭāṯ’s ninth-century Arabic translation was insufficient in many respects for conveying Aristotle’s ideas into Arabic. Accordingly, Averroes’ Middle Commentary sought to rephrase and rewrite the text in such a way as to clarify the text, correct apparent errors in it, simplify the text, and add short explanations to it. This article offers a philological characterization of the Middle Commentary that should be an aid for reading the text and comparing it with other commentaries, especially Averroes’ Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics Δ. |
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| Title | Averroismi al plurale. La ricezione del Tafsîr kitâb al-nafs di Ibn Rushd nel Commento alle Sentenze di Tommaso d’Aquino |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2017 |
| Journal | Dianoia |
| Volume | 24 |
| Pages | 15-32 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, De anima, Averroism, Siger of Brabant, Thomas |
| Author(s) | Federico Minzoni |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| A widespread historiographic commonplace, established by Thomas Aquinas himself in his Tractatus de unitate intellectus (1270), takes Siger of Brabant’s Quaestiones in tertium de anima (ca. 1265) to be a latin formulation of Ibn Rušd’s theory of the unity of the material intellect as exposed in the Tafsīr Kitāb al-Nafs (Long Commentary on the De anima, ca. 1186); according to the same view, Aquinas’ philosophy of mind would be the expression of a strongly antiaverroistic – and therefore more orthodox – kind of aristotelianism. Building on a thorough analysis of key texts in Aquinas’ Commentary on the Sentences (1255), I argue in this paper that those who hold Aquinas’ noetic to be anti-averroistic are greatly mistaken: while Siger’s always superficial rushdian inspiration is better understood against the background of a neoplatonic-tinged mind-body dualism clearly at odds with Ibn Rušd’s own strictly peripatetic ontology, Aquinas’ psychology, hylomorfic and not-dualist at its core, is aristotelian mainly inasmuch as it is rushdian. |
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| Title | Averroès et l'intellect matériel diaphane - Remarques sur une analogie variable |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2018 |
| Journal | Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévales |
| Volume | 85 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 261–284 |
| Categories | Commentary, De anima |
| Author(s) | Jean-Baptiste Brenet |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This paper studies the analogy set forth by Averroes in his Great Commentary on the De anima between the material intellect and the transparent medium. The overall context of the present inquiry is the 'question of Theophrastus' concerning the nature of the material intellect. The paper argues that the analogy between material intellect and transparent medium arises because, just like the transparent medium, the material intellect’s functioning requires a prior actualization: just as colors shine through the transparent medium only insofar as it is itself actually illuminated, the material intellect can receive intelligible forms only insofar as it is fundamentally actualized by the agent intellect. The aim of this paper is thus to reconsider the nature of the material intellect’s potency and its formal relation to the agent intellect. |
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| Title | Averroës's Search: The Aesthetics of Failure as a Starting Point for Writing |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Variaciones Borges |
| Volume | 49 |
| Pages | 257-282 |
| Categories | Borges, Poetics, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Hernán Martínez Millán |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Online Access | https://www.jstor.org/stable/27034385 |
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| Title | Boèce, Averroès et Abū al-Barakāt al-Baġdādī. Témoins des écrits de Thémistius sur les Topiques d'Aristote |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2007 |
| Journal | Arabic Sciences and Philosophy |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 203–265 |
| Categories | Transmission, Commentary, Themistius, Logic, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Ahmad Hasnawi |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Aristotle's Topics, and especially, as far as the subject of this study is concerned, their central books (II-VII), played a role of central importance both in the medieval Latin and in the Arabic logical tradition. This did not occur without transformations, which affected the nature and the function of the loci of which these books set forth the theory. One of the most visible signposts of this tradition of re-elaboration of the Topics is represented by Themistius (ob. c. 388), to whom both Boethius and Averroes refer. Yet no work by Themistius on the Topics has come down to us in Greek. With a view to reconstructing the work(s) of this author, we have here collected and translated the passages that are attributed to him explicitly (with the exception of one of them) in Averroes' Middle Commentary on the Topics, comparing them, where necessary, to the testimonies collected by Boethius in his De topicis differentiis. In addition - and this is a new element added to the file - we show that the Themistian classification of loci was taken up by Abū al-Barakāt al-Baġdādī (ob. after 1164), author of a philosophical summa entitled al-Kitāb al-muʿtabar (The meditated book). These three testimonies are all the more precious in that they are independent of one another. The study of the chapter in the logical part of al-Kitāb al-muʿtabar, containing the Themistian classification of loci, of which a corrected text with translation is offered, shows that one finds in it some of the most singular aspects of this classification, as it appears in Boethius. Abū al-Barakāt al-Baġdādī thus reveals himself to be closer than Averroes to the testimony of Boethius. This suggests the idea of a double redaction by Themistius of the classification of loci: one, more concentrated, comes from an introduction to the paraphrase of the central books of the Topics, which may have inspired Averroes; the other, more extensive, which will have been part of an original work, and inspired the classifications of Boethius and of Abū al-Barakāt al-Baġdādī. |
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| Title | Comentario mayor al libro 'Acerca del alma' de Aristóteles. Traducción parcial |
| Translation | Averroes' Long Commentary on Aristotles' De Anima. A Partial Translation |
| Type | Article |
| Language | undefined |
| Date | 2005 |
| Journal | Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía |
| Volume | 22 |
| Pages | 65–109 |
| Categories | Psychology, Commentary, Aristotle |
| Author(s) | Averroes , |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) | Josep Puig Montada |
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| Title | De l’ὑπόκρισις au أخذ بالوجوه. L’interprétation de l’action oratoire par Averroès dans le Commentaire moyen à la Rhétorique d’Aristote |
| Transcription | De l’hypokrisis au akhdh bi-l-wujûd. L’interprétation de l’action oratoire par Averroès dans le commentaire moyen à la Rhétorique d’Aristote |
| Type | Article |
| Language | French |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Studia Graeco-Arabica |
| Volume | 5 |
| Pages | 59-76 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Rhetoric, Commentary |
| Author(s) | Frédérique Woerther |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The notion of ὑπόκρισις (hypokrisis) was employed for the first time with the meaning of “rhetorical delivery” in Aristotle’s Rhetoric, where it is the target of a short and highly critical analysis. A practice borrowed directly from the theatre, and apparently resistant to any form of technicisation that might give it a legitimate place alongside the other means of rhetorical persuasion, ὑπόκρισις (hypokrisis) was nevertheless extremely effective–as Aristotle acknowledged with undisguised irritation. In the face of Aristotle’s ambivalence, and torn between a purist and idealist conception of rhetoric on the one hand, and the contemporary reality of speech, which required him to recognise a practice of which he could not approve, on the other, what was Averroes’ attitude in his Middle Commentary on the Rhetoric? Dependent on the Arabic version of the Rhetoric where the term ὑπόκρισις (hypokrisis) was – with one exception – translated by the expression أخذ بالوجوه (aḫḏ bi-l-wuǧūh) – “the taking of faces” –, has Averroes followed Aristotle in his hesitations and reticences? Or has he instead chosen to legitimise the use of hypokrisis in rhetorical technique? The analysis of the Rushdian interpretation of the ‘taking of faces’ will allow a better understanding of Averroes’ exegetical method, and grasp of what it meant, to him, to be faithful to the First Master. |
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